What are the symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma?
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Symptoms of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of cancer that can occur in various parts of the body, including the head, neck, oral cavity, and extremities. Understanding the symptoms associated with SCC is crucial for early detection and treatment. This article synthesizes findings from multiple research studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the symptoms of SCC.
Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Symptoms
Pain, Fatigue, and Swallowing Difficulties
Patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) often experience a range of debilitating symptoms. Pain is a predominant symptom, along with significant fatigue. Additionally, these patients frequently report difficulties with swallowing, breathing, and communicating, which are considered high-priority disease-related symptoms.
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Symptoms
Pain and Lesions
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy in the oral cavity, accounting for over 90% of oral cancers. Pain is the most frequent symptom, particularly affecting the tongue and the floor of the mouth. In its early stages, OSCC may present as an erytholeukoplastic area without noticeable symptoms. However, as the disease progresses, patients may develop ulcers and lumps with irregular, rigid margins.
Extremity Squamous Cell Carcinoma Symptoms
Sinus Tract and Local Lymphadenopathy
Squamous cell carcinoma arising from extremity chronic osteomyelitis (COM) is less common but has distinct clinical features. The most common symptom in these cases is the presence of a sinus tract, reported in 61% of patients. Additionally, local lymphadenopathy at the time of diagnosis is a significant symptom, indicating a higher risk of local recurrence and SCC-related mortality.
Conclusion
Squamous cell carcinoma presents with a variety of symptoms depending on its location. In the head and neck, pain, fatigue, and difficulties with swallowing and breathing are common. Oral SCC typically manifests as pain and lesions, while extremity SCC often presents with a sinus tract and local lymphadenopathy. Early recognition of these symptoms can lead to timely diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.
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