10 papers analyzed
These studies suggest R-ketamine is more effective against depression than S-ketamine, with greater potency, longer-lasting effects, and fewer side effects.
Depression is a debilitating mental health condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Traditional antidepressants often take weeks to show effects and are not effective for all patients, particularly those with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Ketamine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, has emerged as a rapid-acting antidepressant. Ketamine exists as a racemic mixture of two enantiomers: R-ketamine and S-ketamine. This synthesis aims to compare the efficacy and safety of R-ketamine versus S-ketamine in treating depression.
Efficacy and Duration of Antidepressant Effects
Side Effects and Safety Profile
Mechanisms of Action
Clinical Observations and Approvals
R-ketamine appears to be more effective and longer-lasting in its antidepressant effects compared to S-ketamine. Additionally, R-ketamine has a better safety profile with fewer psychotomimetic side effects and lower abuse potential. These findings suggest that R-ketamine may be a superior option for treating depression, particularly in patients who are resistant to other treatments. Further clinical studies are needed to confirm these benefits in human populations.
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