What Is a Subungual Melanoma?

Understanding Subungual Melanoma

This post was written with Consensus AI Academic Search Engine – please read our Disclaimer at the end of this article. Subungual melanoma is a rare form of melanoma that occurs under the nails, specifically affecting the nail matrix, which is the tissue under the nail that produces the keratin that makes up the nail plate. This type of melanoma is a subtype of acral lentiginous melanoma, which is more common in individuals with darker skin tones but can occur in any ethnic group. Unlike other forms of melanoma that are often linked to UV exposure, subungual melanoma is not typically associated with sun exposure.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with subungual melanoma may notice a dark streak or discoloration under the nail, which can be mistaken for a bruise or fungal infection. As the condition progresses, the nail may become deformed or detached. It is crucial for individuals to seek medical evaluation for any persistent nail discoloration or changes, as early detection and treatment are vital for improving outcomes.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis of subungual melanoma involves a thorough clinical examination and may require a biopsy of the nail matrix to confirm the presence of melanoma cells. Treatment typically involves surgical removal of the affected nail and surrounding tissue. In some cases, amputation of the distal phalanx (the tip of the finger or toe) may be necessary to ensure complete removal of the cancerous cells. Additional treatments, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy, may be considered depending on the stage and spread of the melanoma.

Prognosis

The prognosis for subungual melanoma depends on the stage at which it is diagnosed. Early-stage detection and treatment can lead to a favorable outcome, while advanced stages may have a poorer prognosis due to the potential for metastasis. Regular monitoring and follow-up care are essential for managing the condition and preventing recurrence.

Conclusion

Subungual melanoma is a serious but rare form of skin cancer that requires prompt medical attention. Awareness of its symptoms and risk factors can aid in early detection and improve treatment outcomes. As with all forms of melanoma, early intervention is key to increasing survival rates and reducing the risk of metastasis.

Disclaimer

The content presented in this blog is generated by Consensus, an AI-powered academic search engine, and is based on publicly available scientific literature. While every effort is made to provide accurate, up-to-date, and well-researched information, the content is intended for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any decisions regarding medical conditions, treatments, or medications. The AI system’s analysis may not cover all perspectives, emerging research, or individual cases, and it is not a substitute for professional expertise. Neither the blog publisher nor the developers of the AI-powered search engine are responsible for any actions taken based on the information provided in this content. Use of this information is at your own risk. Citations to the original scientific studies are included for reference, but these studies should be reviewed in full and interpreted with the guidance of a healthcare or research professional.

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