What Is Sebaceous Hyperplasia?

This post was written with Consensus AI Academic Search Engine – please read our Disclaimer at the end of this article. Sebaceous hyperplasia (SH) is a common, benign condition characterized by the enlargement of sebaceous glands, which are responsible for producing sebum, an oily substance that lubricates the skin and hair. This condition typically manifests as small, yellowish papules on the face, particularly on the forehead, cheeks, and nose. While SH is generally harmless, it can be of cosmetic concern to those affected.

Pathophysiology

Sebaceous hyperplasia occurs when sebaceous glands become enlarged due to an overproduction of sebum. This overproduction can be influenced by various factors, including hormonal changes, particularly an increase in androgens, which stimulate sebaceous gland activity. The condition is more prevalent in middle-aged and older adults, and it is often associated with aging skin1 2.

Clinical Presentation

Patients with sebaceous hyperplasia typically present with multiple small, soft, yellowish papules that are 2-4 mm in diameter. These lesions are often found on the face but can also appear on other sebaceous gland-rich areas of the body. The papules are usually asymptomatic but can occasionally become inflamed or irritated1 2.

Diagnosis

The diagnosis of sebaceous hyperplasia is primarily clinical, based on the characteristic appearance of the lesions. Dermoscopy can aid in the diagnosis by revealing central umbilication and a yellowish lobulated structure, which are indicative of enlarged sebaceous glands. In uncertain cases, a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and rule out other conditions such as basal cell carcinoma1 2.

Epidemiology

Sebaceous hyperplasia is a relatively common condition, particularly among middle-aged and older adults. It affects both men and women, although some studies suggest a slightly higher prevalence in men. The condition is also more common in individuals with a history of oily skin or acne1 2.

Conclusion

Sebaceous hyperplasia is a benign dermatological condition characterized by the enlargement of sebaceous glands, leading to the formation of small, yellowish papules on the skin. While it is generally harmless, it can be of cosmetic concern to those affected. Understanding the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of sebaceous hyperplasia is essential for effective management and patient reassurance.

Disclaimer

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