What Is Stevens-Johnson Syndrome?

This post was written with Consensus AI Academic Search Engine – please read our Disclaimer at the end of this article. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a rare, serious disorder of the skin and mucous membranes, often triggered by a reaction to medication or an infection. It is characterized by the detachment of the epidermis from the dermis, leading to severe skin blistering and mucosal involvement.

Causes and Risk Factors

SJS is primarily induced by adverse drug reactions, with common culprits including antibiotics, anticonvulsants, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In some cases, infections such as herpes, pneumonia, or HIV can also trigger the syndrome. Genetic predispositions and certain medical conditions, such as HIV, can increase the risk of developing SJS5 6 7.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The initial symptoms of SJS often resemble those of the flu, including fever, sore throat, and fatigue. This is followed by a painful red or purplish rash that spreads and blisters, leading to the top layer of skin dying and shedding. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical presentation and patient history, particularly recent medication use1 3 5.

Treatment and Management

The primary treatment for SJS involves discontinuing the offending medication and providing supportive care, often in a hospital setting. This may include wound care, pain management, and fluid replacement. Various studies have explored additional treatments to improve outcomes:

• Topical Treatments: The use of topical cyclosporine A 1% was evaluated as an adjuvant therapy but was not found to be superior to standard therapy in acute SJS cases1.
• Amniotic Membrane Transplantation (AMT): AMT has been shown to be a beneficial adjunct to conventional medical therapy, helping to maintain visual acuity and a stable ocular surface in acute ocular SJS2.
• Corticosteroids and TNF-α Antagonists: Corticosteroids are commonly used, although their efficacy is debated. TNF-α antagonists like etanercept have shown promise in improving clinical outcomes and reducing mortality rates in SJS-TEN patients3 6.

Complications and Prognosis

SJS can lead to severe complications, including secondary infections, scarring, and organ damage. Long-term effects may include chronic skin issues, vision problems, and psychological impact. The prognosis depends on the severity of the condition and the timeliness of treatment. Early intervention and supportive care are crucial for improving outcomes4 5.

In summary, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical attention. Understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment options is essential for managing this complex disorder effectively.

Disclaimer

The content presented in this blog is generated by Consensus, an AI-powered academic search engine, and is based on publicly available scientific literature. While every effort is made to provide accurate, up-to-date, and well-researched information, the content is intended for informational and educational purposes only. It does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional before making any decisions regarding medical conditions, treatments, or medications. The AI system’s analysis may not cover all perspectives, emerging research, or individual cases, and it is not a substitute for professional expertise. Neither the blog publisher nor the developers of the AI-powered search engine are responsible for any actions taken based on the information provided in this content. Use of this information is at your own risk. Citations to the original scientific studies are included for reference, but these studies should be reviewed in full and interpreted with the guidance of a healthcare or research professional.

If you are experiencing a medical emergency, please seek immediate attention from a healthcare provider.