Fenghong Li, M. Pfeiffer, A. Werner
Jul 31, 2006
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Journal
Journal of Applied Physics
Abstract
We present a study on n doping of C60 thin films by acridine orange base [3,6-bis(dimethylamino)acridine(AOB)] combining conductivity, field effect, and Seebeck measurements. An increase of more than six orders of magnitude in conductivity is observed for a doping ratio of 6mol%, accompanied by a decrease in the activation energy from 0.64to0.15eV compared to the undoped C60. We observe a clear doping effect immediately after sample preparation, but also a further activation by annealing or illumination. The field effect and Seebeck measurements confirm n-type conduction of C60 thin films and show that deep donor states are formed in AOB-doped C60 thin films. A field effect mobility of 0.2cm2∕Vs is achieved for a doping level of 1.8mol%. Near Infrared (NIR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra demonstrate electron transfer from the dopant to the matrix: For C60 doped with AOB, C60− is present in NIR absorption and FTIR spectra. On the other hand, a peak corresponding to acridine orange [3,6-bis(d...