Yun Wang
Nov 30, 2016
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DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research
Abstract
In recent years, the campus crisis events cause more attentions of Chinese scholars on the present situation of crisis management. Based on the concept of university campus crisis management, this article analyzed the security problems of the Chinese colleges and universities, and their current situations are discussed. It can be better to understand the Chinese research developments, and promote the further relevant research. The Concept of University Crisis Management The study of crisis management in colleges and universities originated from public relations of school firstly. In the middle of the 20th century, the theory of crisis management is hot as an independent subject in the international academic field. With the changing of the survival and development environment, the campuses appear some crisis events in recent years constantly. It disrupted the normal order of teaching and research; even threaten the safety of general teachers and students. In recent years, scholars at home and abroad begin to pay close attention to the university campus crisis management, and the study also increased gradually. The study of university crisis management started rather late in China. The departments of social science, the ministry of education, philosophy and social sciences management began to conduct peculiar research into the public crisis event, while some universities are also planning to improve the campus crisis event correlation management after 2000. Guo [1] think that the campus crisis management need build a unified crisis management specialized agencies to responsible for the collection of crisis information, risk assessment, training, coordination, and so on. Wang [2] think that the campus crisis management can be defined as a process of prediction, supervision, control, treatment and evaluation to avoid or reduce the school crisis. All in all, the campus crisis management is a dynamic management process and follows the basic process. Due to its special status and group [3], college should pay attention to combine the characteristics of itself and take an appropriate way in the concrete operating process. Security Analysis of the Colleges in China The security of the college has become one of the highlights the problems due to the ever changing environment. Its basic reason lies in the following reasons. First, the security environment of on-campus and off-campus had growing complexity with the expansion of school scope. Second, the university students aged between 19-24 years old, most of which easily affected by negative thoughts. Third, a lack of safety awareness and poor management are the key problems [4-6]. The author thinks that the main reason of the current colleges and universities safety management problem lies in the following respects. Failures of Crisis Management Awareness The lack of consciousness of university crisis management not only in general teachers and students, most of the leadership also lack the consciousness. Even the content of the cadres training and education management theory also rarely talked about it. Most of the rules and regulations we have received are fire safety aspects and behavior standards. If we don't establish a strong sense of crisis and crisis management consciousness, we will not be able to prevent and eliminate all kinds of crisis timely. The System of Crisis Management Should Be Improved In practice, the needs of different types and levels of school are different. It also needs further elaboration for a specific behavior. It make the campus crisis management system can not only guide all types of schools, and to adapt to the special campus. In this regard, the general university crisis management system still not sound and remains to be further discussed. The Lack of University Crisis Education Most college students aged between 19 and 24, students who function at this level easily affected by negative thoughts. They are likely to become angry with the environment and the intrinsic study order. Besides, Confronted with severe job situation, suffering both from economic burdens and academic pressures, college students tend to change greatly on their values of employment and feel puzzled on their mind. Without proper guidance and help, it is easy to lead to a crisis event. On the other hand, the curriculum system of college education is based on profession-centered education. The campus crisis education is obviously insufficient. Meanwhile the campus crisis should be considering under the background of social transformation, and associated with he specific national conditions and social characteristics of the present. The characteristics of different schools and regions should also be considered. Only by succeeding in this way can prepare themselves for any conditions they might encounter. The Current State of University Crisis Management Research The Type of the Campus Crisis From the perspective of the crisis source, the campus crisis can be divided into: public health, politics, public security, natural disasters and school management [7]. From the perspective of hazard degree and scope, it can be graded according to the nature of the public health emergency, severity classification, controllable and influence scope [8]. At present, most research focus on explore an efficient means actively to strengthen the crisis management. Less has been done on the classification of the campus crisis. The crisis classifications of different colleges and universities should have different focus. It is necessary to combine the characteristics of each school and then be further subdivided. The campus crisis classification should be made to guide all kinds of schools and match the unique circumstances of different colleges. The Triggers of College Campus Crisis Studies on the triggers of college campus crisis, many researchers like resolving questions one by one in campus emergencies’ classification [7, 9, 10]. This analysis mode is clear and can quickly grasp the triggers of each crisis types. However, the cause of a crisis is not only caused by an emergency. There are always a host of other related factors. Some scholars began to describe the campus crisis from a macroscopic perspective. Ye [11] analyzed the deep reason for the college emergencies from the clash of Eastern and Western cultures and the resolution of this conflict, the formation of the pattern in the social transformation, and shortage of education resources. Xue [12] analyzed the cause of the college emergencies from individuals, organizations, society and relevant benefits etc. The Organization Charts of College Campus Crisis For now, the establishment of crisis management organization is mostly on the basis of referring the United States’ standard. Many scholars have developed different kinds of organizational structure model, and some problems were largely in agreement. The first is establishing permanent organizations. Many colleges and universities have not established crisis management organizations at present. For the treatment of unexpected and sudden crises, we often are to set up a temporary emergency agency. The permanent institution will not only help schools implement targeted rescue in time, also can help the teachers and students quickly out of the crisis, and returned to normal education teaching order in time. More importantly than all of that, the permanent crisis management organization can direct and supervise crisis response program regularly or irregularly. It is important to find and control the crisis, to minimize the losing of people's life and property. The second is improving institution-building. At present, the campus crisis management is mostly responsible by the security department. In the event of damage degree is bigger or the crisis has a wide scope, the management system is often out of puff. Just hours after crisis struck are the pivotal moment. Colleges need strengthen the organization construction and expand the scope of the organization, and win the rescue time for the campus crisis relief. Therefore, the statutes of crisis management should be made in a rigorous, scientific and standardized manner so as to be implemented effectively. At last, scope for campus crisis management participation should be broadened. Let more people to participate in the campus crisis management and define their own responsibility. In America, major ability of deal with emergencies is weak for individual schools. It should absorb the social organization widely, such as professional aid agencies, fire control institutions, and medical institutions. This should help schools deal with all kinds of crisis jointly. References [1] Guo Zhengxian. Exploration of university crisis management [J]. Journal of Changchun University of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2003, (4):65~67. [2] Wang Yu, Zhang Tao. Study on College & University Crisis Management mechanism in China [J]. Education Science, 2006, (2):40~43. [3] Geng Yina. A Research Summary of Campus Crisis Management in China [J]. Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education, 2007, (12):51-54. [4] Li Yongxian. University crisis management and the construction of harmonious campus [J]. Journal of National Academy of Education Administration, 2006(7):76-80. [5] Fang Zhan-hua, Wang Dong. A Probe into Campus Crisis Management in U.S [J]. University Education Science, 2011(4):42-46. [6] Feng Runming. The research present situation and reflection of Chinese and foreign university campus crisis management [J]. Studies in Ideological Education, 2008, (10):56-59. [7] Li Zhuo-wei, Chen Qing-hua, Zhang Xue-zhong. An Analysis of the Concepts, Types, Causes and Characteristics of the Unexpected Accidents in the Tertiary Institutions[J]. Journal of Kunming University of Science and Teachnology, 2004, (2):11~15. [8] http: www.gov.cn yjgl 2005-08 07 content-21048. htm, 2006-09-20. [9] Pan Dongliang. Types, characteristics and management strategy of