Yu-jie Fu, O. Kadioglu, Benjamin Wiench
Apr 15, 2015
Citations
1
Influential Citations
37
Citations
Quality indicators
Journal
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology
Abstract
BACKGROUND The low abundant cajanin stilbene acid (CSA) from Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan) has been shown to kill estrogen receptor α positive cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Downstream effects such as cell cycle and apoptosis-related mechanisms have not been analyzed yet. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed the activity of CSA by means of flow cytometry (cell cycle distribution, mitochondrial membrane potential, MMP), confocal laser scanning microscopy (MMP), DNA fragmentation assay (apoptosis), Western blotting (Bax and Bcl-2 expression, caspase-3 activation) as well as mRNA microarray hybridization and Ingenuity pathway analysis. RESULTS CSA induced G2/M arrest and apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner from 8.88 to 14.79 µM. The MMP broke down, Bax was upregulated, Bcl-2 downregulated and caspase-3 activated. Microarray profiling revealed that CSA affected BRCA-related DNA damage response and cell cycle-regulated chromosomal replication pathways. CONCLUSION CSA inhibited breast cancer cells by DNA damage and cell cycle-related signaling pathways leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.