Kalyani, Gurmeet Singh
May 19, 2021
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Journal
Materials Today: Proceedings
Abstract
Abstract Quinolone derivatives (QLDs) as antiwear additives are highly advantageous due to their environmentally benign properties. In the present work, we have study the performance of three QLDs; 9-fluoro-3-methyl-10-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-7-oxo-3,7-dihydro-2H-[1,4]oxazino[2,3,4] quinoline-6-carboxylic acid(QLD-1), 1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,4 dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid(QLD-2) and 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid(QLD-3) in paraffin oil employing a four ball tester and the results are compared with the commercial additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP). One of the QLDs evinced the outstanding antiwear and antifriction performance. Further through Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), complemented by atomic force microscopy (AFM), a remarkable smoothening of the worn surfaces in presence of QLD seen. Moreover, Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) results provide clear evidence of tribofilm formation on the worn surfaces which reduces the wear and friction at steel-steel interface. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were found to correlate well with the experimental results. Our findings offer new insights for improving the antiwear and antifriction properties with high load bearing capacity. The investigated additives are sulphated ash, phosphorus and sulphur (SAPS) free and work efficiently at a much lower concentration, 0.25%w/v compared to ZDDP whose SAPS contents are very high and performs poorly below 1% concentration.