J. Donaldson, S. Grimes
1998
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Abstract
Tin forms inorganic compounds in the +4 oxidation state by using all of its valence shell electrons in bonding, and in the +2 oxidation state in which, formally, only the p-electrons are used leaving a non-bonding electron pair. Many compounds in both oxidation states are known. The +4 oxidation state is the more stable state and tin(II) compounds are moderately strong reducing agents [1].