S. Upadhyay, M. Sharma, V. K. Rao
Jan 21, 2011
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Abstract
The first organophosphorus (OP) compound tetraethyl pyrophosphate (TEPP) was synthesized by de Clermont in France. Later, von Hofmann synthesized methyl-phosphoryl dichloride (Fest & Schmidt, 1982). OP compounds are widely used in the agriculture industry around the world as pesticides and insecticides. Phosphorous compounds play a central role in the living organism; it is pertinent to mention photosynthesis, metabolism, and involvement in coenzyme systems etc. It can have a variety of oxidation states 3 and 5, generally OP compounds based on their derivatives of phosphorous. Organophosphate triesters, phosphonates, phosphonofluoridates and phosphonothioates comprise a broad class of chemical neurotoxins (Fig 1). The hydrolysis of OP compounds follows several patterns, depending upon the type of ester, the solvent, the pH range or upon catalytically active additives.