Margaret C. Li Puma, Samantha L. Pederson, M. Johnston
Jan 6, 2021
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Journal
Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine
Abstract
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Glaucoma is a blinding, painful disease in mammals, including rabbits. This study aimed to determine effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and iridocorneal angle (ICA) morphology of two antiglaucoma therapies, 0.005% latanoprost (latanoprost) and 0.125% demecarium bromide (demecarium) in companion rabbits. METHODS Twenty healthy rabbits of varying breeds and ages were used. All animals received a complete ophthalmic examination including rebound tonometry and gonioscopy, and ICA imaging using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), high resolution ultrasound (HRUS), and Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam® HR). Angle opening distance (AOD) and angle recess area (ARA) were measured. Demecarium was applied to one eye and latanoprost to the contralateral eye. Each eye was re-evaluated one hour later with tonometry, imaging, and gonioscopy. Pre- and post-treatment groups were compared with a Wilcoxon signed-ranked test for IOP, ARA, AOD, and gonioscopy score. Estimates of treatment effects were performed to identify clinically significant differences of demecarium and latanoprost on ICA parameters. RESULTS Latanoprost caused a significant increase in gonioscopy score, ARA, and AOD when measured via SD-OCT whereas demecarium caused a significant decrease in gonioscopy score, ARA, and AOD when measured via SD-OCT and Pentacam® HR. Demecarium significantly increased IOP whereas latanoprost had no effect on IOP. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Based on the increased ICA parameters in normal companion rabbits, latanoprost can be considered as a glaucoma medication in rabbits. Demecarium increased IOP and decreased ICA parameters; therefore, its use in rabbits is not recommended.