M. Mady, M. Kelland
Aug 28, 2013
Citations
0
Influential Citations
24
Citations
Journal
Energy & Fuels
Abstract
Fluorinated low-dosage hydrate inhibitors (LDHIs) have been investigated for the first time. Three novel quaternary ammonium salts with monofluorobutyl groups were synthesized and characterized, N-(4-fluorobutyl)-N,N-dipentylpentan-1-aminium bromide (2), N,N-bis(4-fluorobutyl)-N-pentylpentan-1-aminium bromide (3), and N,N,N-tris(4-fluorobutyl)pentan-1-aminium bromide (4). It was investigated whether these fluorinated ammonium salts, in which a fluorine atom replacing an end methyl group in the alkyl chains of tetra(n-pentyl)ammonium bromide (TPAB), would affect tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate crystal growth inhibition. We determined that the monofluoro ammonium salt N-(4-fluorobutyl)-N,N-dipentylpentan-1-aminium bromide (2) was the best THF hydrate crystal growth inhibitor, showing better performance than either TPAB or tetra(n-butyl)ammonium bromide (TBAB). However, THF hydrate crystal growth inhibition decreased as the number of fluorobutyl groups on the quaternary nitrogen atom was increased to two or th...