H. Nicolini
Dec 31, 2019
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Quality indicators
Journal
European Neuropsychopharmacology
Abstract
Abstract Background Although atypical antipsychotics most effectively decrease positive symptoms with a lower incidence of side effects, in Mexico and Latin America (LA) in general typical antipsychotics continue to be prescribed frequently. One of the mainly prescribed antipsychotics as a first treatment for a psychotic outbreak in Mexico is haloperidol. The response to haloperidol treatment is affected by environmental variables such as genetics. The study of genetic variants that affect the response to drugs is known as pharmacogenetics. The pharmacogenetics of psychotropic agents is a particular active field of study in LA. However, the providers of these services are small private companies, employing sample references in Caucasian populations, since very few analyses of these variants have been in the LA population. However, there is some data on the pharmacogenetics of psychopharmacologic drugs in LA, which we will discuss. We will present in addition a review of some of the studies that have been done in mapping mental illnesses and epigenetics in LA populations. Methods We will review studies generated in Latin America from different sources of information such as Psych Info, Redalyc, and Pubmed. Results When the physician is faced with a clinical decision based on pharmacogenetics it may be useful to take into account the patterns of prescription nearly new throughout the region, specific patterns of diet and lifestyle coupled with genotypic, epigenome and meta genome data generated from the LA population. All this information may help to have a better understanding response to psychiatric medications in a more comprehensive way. Conclusions Pharmacological treatment in psychiatric diseases is not always completely effective. It may vary depending on the therapeutic class or population studied. A lack of control over drug safety and efficacy motivates research to pinpoint markers to predict them. The use of genetic polymorphisms represents an approach, to address these predictions in the Latin American population.