J. Glassman, G. Warren, S. B. Rosenman
Mar 1, 1964
Citations
0
Influential Citations
12
Citations
Journal
Toxicology and applied pharmacology
Abstract
Abstract Studies with nafcillin, a new penicillin synthesized from 6-aminopenicillanic acid, establish it as an antimicrobial agent that is 4–8 times more effective than methicillin against gram-positive cocci, Diplococcus pneumoniae and penicillinase producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus . It is relatively nontoxic for animals over a wide range of doses and provides an adequate margin of safety by all routes of administration. Local tissue responses following intramuscular administration of 25% solutions are minimal and resemble penicillin G rather than methicillin. Assays in dogs for antibiotic levels following single 50 mg/kg doses of nafcillin show that effective serum concentrations occur by all routes of administration and persist through 6 hours. Penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid occurs with difficulty; however, after intravenous injection small amounts are detected for 1 hour. Additional studies indicate that effective amounts are concentrated in the bile, kidney, lung, heart, spleen, and liver. Biliary excretion and reexcretion is an important pathway in the disposition of nafcillin and proceeds at bactericidal levels for a considerable length of time.