T. Crowell
Sep 1, 1983
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Abstract
The hydrolysis rate of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)-..beta..-nitrostyrene (S) has been measured in H/sub 2/O and in 99% D/sub 2/O buffer solutions from pH -0.9 to 10.6. The kinetic solvent isotope effect (KSIE), k(H/sub 2/O)/k(D/sub 2/O), is 6.2 at pH 2.5, where k is independent of pH in both solvents and attains a higher value, approximately 22, at about pH 6.2. The isotope effects k/sub i/(H/sub 2/O)/k/sub i/(D/sub 2/O) on the rate constants for the individual steps of the mechanism have been determined and their contributions to the overall KSIE evaluated. Accordingly, the KSIE on the pH-rate plateau at pH 1-4 can be separated into two factors: 5.0 for K/sub 12/, the ionization constant of S as a pseudo-base in water; and 1.4 for k/sub 3//sup H/, the rate constant for rate-controlling protonation of the resulting anion by H/sub 3/O/sup +/. At pH 6.2, the higher KSIE (7.6) on k/sub 3//sup H/sub 2/O/ becomes important while the uncatalyzed addition of water to the double bond is partly rate controlling. The rate at the midpoint of a proton-inventory plot (49.5% D/sub 2/O) shows a negative deviation from linearity of 18%. 2 figures, 2 tables.