S. Trapp, G. Ciucani, M. Sismilich
2004
Citations
1
Influential Citations
22
Citations
Journal
Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Abstract
BackgroundTributyltin is an organotin compound, used as an antifouling agent in ship paint, with heavy impact on the marine environment. Contaminated dredged harbor sludge is now dumped on land. The toxicity of tributyltin (TBT) to trees has not yet been quantified. Eventually, a vegetation cover on the dumped sludge could be established for the purpose of nonfood cash crop production and phytoremediation.MethodsThe phytotoxiciry of tributyltin chloride (TBTC1) and tributyltin hydride (TBTH) was measured at pH 4 and at pH 7 using the willow tree transpiration test. Different pH levels of the nutrient solutions were achieved by adding ammonium salt (low pH) or nitrate (high pH) as nitrogen source.Results and DiscussionAt low pH (pH 4), all trees showed symptoms of poor health. Transpiration decreased at concentrations above or equal to 0.1 mg TBTC1/1 and 1 mg TBTH/L. The TBT toxicity was more pronounced at pH 7. The trees survived even the highest dose of 10 mg/1 TBTC1 or TBTH, although their growth and transpiration was strongly reduced.ConclusionIn contrast to other organisms, TBTC1 and TBTH were less toxic to higher plants.Recommendations and OutlookThe toxicity of TBT is no hindrance for establishing vegetation on TBT-contaminated sludge. Phytoremediation and cash crop production could be possible with suitable plants.