How is listeriosis treated?

Introduction

Listeriosis is a serious infection caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, primarily contracted through contaminated food. It poses a significant health risk, especially to pregnant women, newborns, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV or undergoing treatments like chemotherapy. Effective treatment is crucial due to the high mortality rate associated with the infection.

Key Insights from Research Papers

Ampicillin, either alone or in combination with gentamicin, is the most commonly recommended treatment for listeriosis, with a variety of antibiotics serving as second-line agents for patients with allergies or specific disease states .
Cephalosporins are not effective against Listeria monocytogenes, and while fluoroquinolones have activity against the organism, their clinical efficacy requires further study.
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is suggested as an effective alternative therapy, particularly in patients with allergies to penicillins or in cases where first-line treatments are not suitable .
The underlying health condition of the patient significantly impacts the prognosis of listeriosis, with certain comorbidities such as hematological neoplasias increasing the risk of mortality.
In cases of listeriosis associated with biologic therapies, especially when combined with other immunosuppressive drugs, the risk of infection is heightened, and mortality rates vary depending on the specific biologic treatment.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with probiotic characteristics are being explored for their potential in treating listeriosis, with the antilisterial gene coding for antimicrobial peptides being a key factor in this emerging treatment strategy.

Conclusion

The primary treatment for listeriosis involves the use of ampicillin, often in combination with gentamicin, although alternative antibiotics such as TMP-SMX may be used in cases of allergy or resistance. The effectiveness of treatment can be influenced by the patient's underlying health conditions, and emerging therapies involving LAB are being investigated as potential treatments. It is important to note that certain antibiotics, such as cephalosporins, are not effective against Listeria and should not be used. The management of listeriosis in patients receiving biologic therapies requires particular attention due to the increased risk of infection and variable mortality rates.

How is listeriosis treated?

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights from Research Papers

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Treatment of Listeriosis

Ampicillin is the current treatment of choice for Listeria monocytogenes infections, with other antibiotics being effective second-line agents.

Listeriosis in bone marrow transplant recipients: incidence, clinical features, and treatment.

Listeria monocytogenes infection in bone marrow transplant recipients is associated with corticosteroids and requires parenteral ampicillin and gentamicin treatment for a minimum of 3 weeks before oral therapy.

Antimicrobial treatment of invasive non-perinatal human listeriosis and the impact of the underlying disease on prognosis.

Trimethoprim-sulfamethozaxole may be an effective alternative therapy for listerial infections, with mortality mainly dependent on the severity of the underlying disease.

Antimicrobial chemotherapy of human infection due toListeria monocytogenes

Early diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial chemotherapy are essential for treating listeriosis, with ampicillin or penicillin plus gentamicin being the treatment of choice.

Listeriosis in patients receiving biologic therapies

Listeriosis is common in patients receiving biologic therapies, particularly infliximab when combined with other immunosuppressive therapies, and most infections occur within the first year of treatment.

Early listeriosis after liver transplantation: Report of two cases

Intravenous ampicillin is an effective treatment for systemic listeriosis in liver transplant recipients, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis may help prevent early listeriosis after solid organ transplantation.

[A case report of Listeria monocytogenes infection in a patient with AIDS. Efficacy of treatment with cotrimoxazole associated with rHuG-CSF (filgrastim)].

Cotrimoxazole combined with rHuG-CSF effectively treated listeriosis in an immunocompromised patient, resulting in a rapid favourable clinical and microbiological outcome.

Epidemiology and treatment of the commonest form of listeriosis: meningitis and bacteraemia.

Ampicillin is the current drug of choice for treating listeriosis, with cotrimoxazole showing favourable outcomes in brain-related infections.

Antilisterial Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Eliminating Listeria monocytogenes in Host and Ready-to-Eat Food Application

Lactic acid bacteria show potential in eliminating Listeria monocytogenes in host and ready-to-eat food applications, with the antilisterial gene potentially leading to a safe and effective treatment for listeriosis.

Listeriosis: therapeutic options.

The combination of amoxicillin and gentamicin is the best option for treating listeriosis, as it effectively attacks intracellular Listeriae and restores immune function in immunocompromised individuals.

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