Is Tribulus terrestris safe?
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Safety of Tribulus Terrestris: A Comprehensive Review
Introduction to Tribulus Terrestris Safety
Tribulus terrestris, a plant commonly used in traditional medicine and as a dietary supplement, has been studied for its potential benefits in treating various health conditions, including sexual dysfunction and infertility. However, the safety of its use remains a critical concern. This article synthesizes findings from multiple research studies to provide a clear understanding of the safety profile of Tribulus terrestris.
Safety in Female Reproductive Health
Female Sexual Dysfunction and Hormonal Effects
A systematic review assessing the effectiveness and safety of Tribulus terrestris for treating female sexual dysfunction (FSD) found that the plant significantly increased sexual function scores and serum testosterone levels in premenopausal women after 1 to 3 months of treatment. Importantly, no serious adverse events were reported in these studies, although the certainty of the evidence was very low, indicating a need for further research.
Impact on Female Reproductive System
Another comprehensive review focused on the effects of Tribulus terrestris on the female reproductive system. The studies included in this review highlighted improvements in ovarian and uterine histological features, sexual desire in postmenopausal women, and potential benefits in ovarian and breast cancer. These positive effects were attributed to protodioscin, a steroidal saponin compound found in the plant. No significant adverse effects were reported, suggesting a favorable safety profile for female reproductive health.
Safety in Male Reproductive Health
Sperm Parameters and Male Infertility
Tribulus terrestris has been extensively studied for its effects on male reproductive health. A systematic review of clinical trials on men with idiopathic infertility reported improvements in sperm parameters, including number, motility, and morphology, in most studies. Only one study found no significant effect. Overall, the plant was deemed effective and safe for improving sperm quality.
Laboratory Animal Studies
In a study evaluating the safety of Tribulus terrestris on male reproductive health in laboratory mice, the administration of the plant extract did not alter body weight, serum clinical biochemistry, or reproductive organ weights. Sperm indices and spermatogenic activity remained normal, and no oxidative stress or physiological disruptions were observed. These findings support the safety of Tribulus terrestris in male reproductive health.
General Health and Toxicological Properties
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects
Tribulus terrestris is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A study on the effects of the plant on sperm motility and viability after cryopreservation found significant improvements, attributed to its antioxidant properties. No adverse effects were reported, indicating its safety in this context.
Liver and Kidney Health
Research on the hepatoprotective effects of Tribulus terrestris in mice exposed to cadmium showed that the plant extract mitigated liver damage, suggesting its potential to protect against heavy metal toxicity. No significant adverse effects were observed, further supporting its safety.
Effects on Physically Active Adults
A systematic review of the effects of Tribulus terrestris on sport and health biomarkers in physically active adult males found moderate beneficial effects on lipid profiles and inflammatory markers, with no significant changes in renal biomarkers or immune system response. Importantly, no toxicity was reported, indicating that the plant is safe for use in this population.
Conclusion
The current body of research suggests that Tribulus terrestris is generally safe for use in both male and female reproductive health, as well as in general health contexts. While some studies report significant benefits without adverse effects, the certainty of evidence is often low, and further research is needed to confirm these findings. Users should consult healthcare professionals and consider the uncertainties around its effects before using Tribulus terrestris.
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