What are the causes and consequences of cultural heritage preservation?
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Causes and Consequences of Cultural Heritage Preservation
Causes of Cultural Heritage Preservation
Climate Change and Natural Disasters
One of the primary causes driving the need for cultural heritage preservation is the impact of climate change and natural disasters. Climate change has led to gradual changes in temperature, precipitation, atmospheric moisture, and wind intensity, as well as sea level rise and extreme weather events, all of which threaten cultural heritage sites4. These climatic stressors can cause significant damage to both underwater and land-based cultural heritage, leading to the potential loss of entire nations' cultural identities3. The preservation efforts are thus essential to protect these sites from further degradation and destruction.
Globalization and Modernization
Globalization and rapid modernization pose significant challenges to cultural heritage preservation. The influence of media, urbanization, and cultural displacement can lead to the commodification and appropriation of cultural heritage, threatening its authenticity and continuity5. In Indonesia, for example, these factors have been identified as major challenges to sustaining the nation's diverse cultural landscape5.
Military Conflicts
Military conflicts also play a critical role in the destruction of cultural heritage. During such conflicts, cultural sites are at risk of being damaged, looted, or completely destroyed. The preservation of cultural heritage in conflict zones is crucial for restoring peace, ensuring sustainable development, and maintaining national identity6. The project approach has been suggested as an effective method for managing cultural heritage preservation during and after conflicts6.
Consequences of Cultural Heritage Preservation
Socioeconomic Benefits
Preserving cultural heritage sites can have significant socioeconomic benefits. These sites often attract tourism, which generates direct and indirect revenues for local economies1. The market and non-market benefits provided by cultural heritage sites create opportunities for policy interventions aimed at their conservation and promotion, ultimately supporting local communities and economies1.
Enhanced Cultural Identity and Community Involvement
Preservation efforts help maintain and enhance cultural identity, fostering a sense of history and belonging among communities. Involving the general public in preservation activities can lead to broader social, economic, and political roles for cultural heritage in contemporary society2. Community involvement, cultural education, and supportive policies are essential strategies for sustaining cultural heritage in the face of globalization5.
Technological Advancements
Technological advancements play a crucial role in the preservation of cultural heritage. The use of 3D digital technologies, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) has been increasingly reported in the literature as effective tools for preserving and promoting both tangible and intangible cultural heritage10. These technologies enable detailed documentation, virtual reconstruction, and interactive experiences, making cultural heritage more accessible and engaging for the public.
Climate Resilience and Sustainability
Preserving cultural heritage also contributes to climate resilience and sustainability. Developing climate-resilient policies and re-evaluating the concept of cultural heritage as a useful resource are essential for ensuring its sustainability in the face of climate change9. Digital preservation, while promising, must be approached with a strong sustainability framework to minimize environmental impacts and maximize preservation potential8.
Conclusion
The preservation of cultural heritage is driven by various factors, including climate change, globalization, and military conflicts. The consequences of these preservation efforts are far-reaching, offering socioeconomic benefits, enhancing cultural identity, and leveraging technological advancements. Additionally, preserving cultural heritage contributes to climate resilience and sustainability, ensuring that these invaluable assets are protected for future generations.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Economic and Societal Impacts on Cultural Heritage Sites, Resulting from Natural Effects and Climate Change
Cultural heritage sites provide both market and non-market benefits to society, and policy interventions can help conserve and protect them from climate change and natural disasters.
Preserving heritage places under a new paradigm
A new paradigm for heritage sites has emerged, valuing intangible concepts alongside material culture, challenging traditional conservation practices and promoting innovative ideas for preserving cultural heritage.
Highly CitedClimate change and underwater cultural heritage: Impacts and challenges
Climate change may expose underwater and land cultural heritage, potentially submerging entire nations, and requires a new partnership between natural and cultural resources for preservation.
Climate change impacts on cultural heritage: A literature review
Climate change impacts cultural heritage sites, causing gradual changes in temperature, precipitation, and wind intensity, as well as sudden changes in natural environments, affecting monuments, archeological sites, historical buildings, and their interiors and collections.
Literature ReviewHighly CitedCultural Preservation in a Globalized World: Strategies for Sustaining Heritage
Cultural education, documentation, community involvement, and supportive policy and legislation are crucial for preserving Indonesia's cultural heritage in a globalizing world.
Project approach in the preservation of the cultural heritage of Ukraine
The project method has significant potential for preserving Ukraine's cultural heritage during military aggression by improving management and countermeasures against threats.
Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Resources Threatened by Climate Change
This special issue highlights the need for multidisciplinary research to better understand and protect cultural heritage from climate change impacts, mainly affecting built environments in Europe and Latin America.
A Strong Sustainability Framework for Digital Preservation of Cultural Heritage: Introducing the Eco-Sufficiency Perspective
A strong sustainability framework for digital preservation of cultural heritage can minimize environmental impacts and maximize preservation potential, but requires extensive stakeholder networks and re-examining current practices.
Literature ReviewClimate Change Challenges to Existing Cultural Heritage Policy
Cultural heritage's sustainability requires a fundamental reconsideration of its concept and evaluation framework for effective climate-resilience policy development.
Systematic ReviewTechnologies for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage—A Systematic Review of the Literature
3D digital technologies and augmented reality/virtual reality are the most used technologies for preserving cultural heritage from 2018 to 2022.
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