What are the symptoms of acne?
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Symptoms of Acne: A Comprehensive Overview
Common Symptoms of Acne
Acne is a prevalent skin condition that manifests in various forms and severities. The most common symptoms include the presence of comedones, which are small collections of sebum and dead skin cells that block hair follicles. These comedones can be open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads)2. Additionally, acne often presents with papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts, which are inflamed lesions that can be painful and may lead to scarring2 5.
Severe Acne Symptoms
In more severe cases, acne can develop into large, painful nodules and cysts. These severe forms of acne are often associated with significant inflammation and can result in permanent scarring if not treated promptly2. Acne fulminans, a rare and severe form of acne, is characterized by the sudden onset of painful, ulcerative nodules primarily on the face, chest, and back. This condition is often accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and musculoskeletal pain6 7.
Post-Acne Complications
Post-acne complications include persistent erythema, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and scarring. These complications arise due to the body's inflammatory response to acne lesions and can persist long after the active acne has healed. PIH is particularly prevalent in individuals with darker skin types and can give the appearance of ongoing acne1 2.
Pruritus (Itchiness)
Although not commonly highlighted, pruritus or itchiness is a significant symptom of acne that contributes to the overall discomfort and burden of the condition. This symptom is often overlooked but can exacerbate the psychological and physical impact of acne3.
Psychological and Emotional Impact
Beyond the physical symptoms, acne can have profound emotional and psychological effects. The presence of acne lesions and the potential for scarring can lead to decreased self-esteem, social withdrawal, and even depression. The chronic nature of acne necessitates a strong patient-healthcare provider relationship to manage both the physical and emotional aspects of the condition effectively2 5.
Conclusion
Acne presents with a range of symptoms from mild comedones to severe nodules and cysts, often accompanied by post-acne complications such as PIH and scarring. Pruritus is an additional symptom that can significantly affect patients. The psychological impact of acne underscores the importance of comprehensive treatment approaches that address both the physical and emotional aspects of the condition. Early and effective intervention is crucial to mitigate these symptoms and improve patient outcomes.
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Most relevant research papers on this topic
Acne. Manifestations of post-acne
Post-acne symptoms include secondary rashes and skin pigmentation violations, leading to cicatricial changes and skin damage.
The changing faces of acne
Acne is a complex disease influenced by hormones, diet, lifestyle, and genetic factors, with varying severity and lasting physical effects.
Rigorous JournalPruritus is a common and significant symptom of acne
Pruritus is a common and significant symptom of acne, contributing to the burden of disability in patients.
Gene variants associated with acne vulgaris presentation and severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TNF and CYP17A1 gene variants significantly reduce mild and severe acne risk, while FST gene variants slightly increase acne presentation risk.
Meta-AnalysisRigorous JournalAcne vulgaris
Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory skin condition that persists into adulthood and requires long-term therapy, with a high prevalence in teenagers and increasing prevalence in children.
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Highly CitedAcne fulminans: explosive systemic form of acne
Acne fulminans is a rare severe form of acne vulgaris with systemic symptoms, primarily affecting male adolescents, and requires aggressive treatment with oral steroids and isotretinoin.
Case ReportEvidence‐based recommendations for the management of acne fulminans and its variants
This study developed guidelines to better characterize acne fulminans and its variants, providing healthcare practitioners with approaches for classification, treatment, and prevention.
Rigorous JournalHighly CitedFactors aggravating acne vulgaris during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, longtime mask-wearing (>28 hours per week) was significantly associated with worsening acne symptoms, suggesting that limiting mask-wearing time may help manage acne.
Observational StudyAcne: inflammation.
Inflammatory acne is associated with Propionibacterium acnes, a human skin commensal bacterium, but its precise role in the disease and its interaction with the immune system remain unclear.
Highly CitedWhat is new in the pathophysiology of acne, an overview
Recent research highlights the involvement of the sebaceous gland, innate immunity, and the cutaneous microbiome in acne, and emphasizes the need for rebalancing and regulating these factors in future treatments.
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