what is disseminated intravascular coagulation

Introduction

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex, acquired syndrome characterized by widespread activation of the coagulation system, leading to the formation of intravascular fibrin and subsequent thrombotic occlusion of small and midsize vessels. This condition can result in both thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications, contributing to organ dysfunction and failure.

Key Insights

Pathophysiology and Mechanisms:
- DIC involves systemic activation of coagulation, leading to widespread fibrin deposition and microvascular thrombosis, which can cause organ dysfunction and failure .
- The condition is initiated by tissue factor-mediated activation of coagulation, suppression of anticoagulant pathways, and inhibition of fibrinolysis, often due to elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) .
- Inflammatory cytokines play a significant role in the activation of coagulation and suppression of fibrinolysis, contributing to endothelial dysfunction and microvascular thrombosis .
Clinical Manifestations:
- DIC can present with both thrombotic and hemorrhagic symptoms due to the consumption of platelets and coagulation factors .
- In cancer patients, DIC often has a less acute but more chronic presentation, potentially leading to bleeding at the tumor site.
- Trauma patients with DIC may develop multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) due to sustained systemic inflammatory response and endothelial damage.
Diagnosis:
- The International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) has established a diagnostic scoring system for DIC, which includes global hemostatic test parameters.
- Routine hemostasis screening tests, along with assays for fibrinogen and D-dimer, are commonly used to monitor DIC.
Treatment and Management:
- The cornerstone of DIC management is the treatment of the underlying disorder that triggers the coagulopathy .
- Supportive treatments may include anticoagulants, platelet and plasma transfusions, and concentrates of coagulation inhibitors .
- Experimental treatments targeting tissue factor activity and restoring physiological anticoagulant pathways have shown promise in initial studies .

Conclusion

Disseminated intravascular coagulation is a severe condition characterized by systemic activation of coagulation, leading to widespread fibrin deposition and potential organ failure. The pathogenesis involves tissue factor-mediated coagulation, suppression of anticoagulant pathways, and inhibition of fibrinolysis, often driven by inflammatory cytokines. Clinically, DIC can present with both thrombotic and hemorrhagic symptoms, and its management focuses on treating the underlying cause and providing supportive care to control coagulation and bleeding risks.

What is disseminated intravascular coagulation

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation can cause thrombotic occlusion of small and midsize vessels, compromising blood supply to organs and leading to severe bleeding.

Current understanding of disseminated intravascular coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) contributes to microvascular dysfunction and organ failure, and understanding its pathogenesis may lead to novel preventive and therapeutic approaches for sepsis and deranged coagulation.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome caused by inflammation, insufficient control of anticoagulant pathways, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1-mediated suppression of fibrinolysis, leading to organ dysfunction and poor patient prognosis.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Trauma Patients

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) after trauma leads to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which is the main determinant of patients' outcomes.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation: Clinical and laboratory aspects

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex acquired coagulopathy resulting from excessive thrombin formation, and treatment should focus on reversing the underlying disorder.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in cancer patients.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in cancer patients may present as a less fulminant, chronic condition, with treatment focusing on the underlying disorder and supportive haemostatic system treatment.

A Short Contemporary History of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a syndrome characterized by systemic intravascular activation of coagulation, leading to widespread fibrin deposition and multiple organ failure.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: An Update on Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Strategies

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a complex, life-threatening condition caused by various underlying disorders, and therapeutic strategies aim to control blood coagulation and bleeding risk.

[Disseminated intravascular coagulation].

Disseminated intravascular coagulation leads to systemic activation of blood coagulation, causing impaired organ perfusion and bleeding, and can be managed with anticoagulants, platelet and plasma transfusions, coagulation inhibitors, and antifibrinolytic agents.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

DIC is a poorly-defined syndrome characterized by systemic activation of the blood coagulation system, leading to microvascular thrombi and multiorgan failure, and requiring careful diagnosis and treatment.

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