Plasenta previa

Introduction

Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta implants in the lower part of the uterus, covering the cervix either partially or completely. This condition can lead to severe bleeding during pregnancy and delivery, posing risks to both the mother and the fetus. Understanding the risk factors, histopathological changes, and neonatal outcomes associated with placenta previa is crucial for effective management and prevention.

Key Insights

Risk Factors and Associations:
- Previous Cesarean Delivery and Abortion: Women with a history of cesarean delivery or abortion (both spontaneous and induced) have a significantly higher risk of developing placenta previa. The risk increases with the number of prior cesarean deliveries .
- Maternal Age and Parity: Advanced maternal age and higher parity are associated with an increased risk of placenta previa. Women over 35 years old and those with multiple previous pregnancies are at higher risk .
- Male Fetus: There is a higher incidence of placenta previa in pregnancies with male fetuses compared to female fetuses.
Histopathological Changes:
- Placental Abnormalities: Placenta previa is associated with significant histopathological changes, including increased intervillous fibrin deposition, villous infarction, and compensatory placental growth to maintain adequate perfusion .
- Comparison with Other Conditions: Compared to normotensive placentas, those with placenta previa show more severe degenerative changes, such as pyknotic nuclei in muscle cells and dense erythrocyte accumulation in intervillous areas.
Neonatal Outcomes:
- Preterm Birth and Congenital Anomalies: Placenta previa is associated with a higher rate of preterm births and major congenital anomalies. Neonates are also at increased risk for respiratory distress syndrome and anemia.
- Perinatal Mortality: The perinatal mortality rate is higher in pregnancies complicated by placenta previa, primarily due to preterm delivery and associated complications.

Conclusion

Placenta previa is a serious obstetric condition with significant implications for maternal and fetal health. Key risk factors include previous cesarean deliveries, abortions, advanced maternal age, and higher parity. Histopathological changes in the placenta are pronounced and contribute to the condition's complications. Neonatal outcomes are adversely affected, with increased risks of preterm birth, congenital anomalies, respiratory distress syndrome, and anemia. Effective management requires careful monitoring and planning, especially for high-risk pregnancies.

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

The association of placenta previa with history of cesarean delivery and abortion: a metaanalysis.

Placenta previa is 2.6 times more likely in women with a history of at least one prior cesarean delivery compared to those with no prior cesarean deliveries.

Placenta previa: preponderance of male sex at birth.

Placenta previa is strongly associated with a higher male-to-female ratio at birth, but the mechanism for this association remains unclear.

Histopatological Changes in Plasenta Previa, Plasenta Acreata and Normotensive Plasentas in the 3rd Trimestry of Pregnancy

Placenta previa and placenta acreata cause serious degenerations on placentas during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Hubungan antara Riwayat Abortus Komplet dan Inkomplet dengan Kejadian Plasenta Previa di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Al-Ihsan Provinsi Jawa Barat Periode 2017-2018

Placenta previa is significantly associated with a history of complete or incomplete abortion, with damage to the endometrium during previous labor, and both complete and incomplete abortions being possible mechanisms.

Placenta Previa, Placenta Accreta, and Vasa Previa

Prenatal diagnosis and cesarean delivery are crucial for women with placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa, which can cause massive blood loss during labor.

Abnormal Placentation: Placenta Previa, Vasa Previa, and Placenta Accreta.

Placental disorders like placenta previa, placenta accreta, and vasa previa can cause serious fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality, and antenatal diagnosis is crucial for optimal obstetric management.

Placental pathologic changes and perinatal outcomes in placenta previa.

Placenta previa leads to compensatory growth and increased surface area, potentially preventing adverse neonatal outcomes.

The epidemiology of placenta previa in the United States, 1979 through 1987.

Placenta previa is more common in black and minority women, and is associated with increased risks of complications and deaths during pregnancy.

Hubungan Antara Paritas Ibu Dengan Kejadian Plasenta Previa Di Ruang Kebidanan Rsud Dr. H Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung

Maternal parity is associated with an increased incidence of placenta previa in the obstetrics room of Dr. H Abdul Moeloek Hospital, Lampung Province.

Neonatal outcomes with placenta previa.

Placenta previa is associated with preterm birth, congenital anomalies, respiratory distress syndrome, and anemia, but not increased fetal growth restriction.

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