Augmented reality applications show promise in medical training, but more evidence is needed to support their effectiveness and validate their use in medical education.

Systematic review on the effectiveness of augmented reality applications in medical training

Virtual and augmented reality have improved planning, training, and education in oral & maxillofacial surgery, but more research is needed to determine their impact on patient care.

The application of virtual reality and augmented reality in Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery

Immersive virtual reality (iVR) simulators improve procedural times, task completion, and accuracy in surgical training, with positive user ratings and cost-effectiveness.

Immersive Virtual Reality for Surgical Training: A Systematic Review.

Augmented reality shows validity and effectiveness in surgical education, but more high-quality studies are needed before widespread implementation in surgical curricula.

Validity and effectiveness of augmented reality in surgical education: A systematic review.

Virtual reality and augmented reality are increasingly used in orthopedic surgical training, but more evidence is needed to determine which technology improves clinical performance and the HMD industry's volatility may delay advancements.

Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality—Translating Surgical Training into Surgical Technique

Virtual and augmented reality technology improves medical education by increasing trainee confidence and knowledge, but may present technical challenges.

Impact of Virtual and Augmented Reality on Quality of Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.

Augmented reality in surgical training is feasible and effective, with the Microsoft HoloLens showing the most promising results and improved performance measures in trainees.

The Role of Augmented Reality in Surgical Training: A Systematic Review

Augmented reality can revolutionize breast surgery education by enabling remote telementoring and noninvasive localization of impalpable tumors, with potential applications in telemedicine and virtual reality.

Augmented Reality in Breast Surgery Education

Virtual and augmented reality technologies enhance biomedical education, medical training, surgical guidance, and molecular data visualization, improving learning, medical operation accuracy, and comprehensibility of complex biological systems.

Virtual and augmented reality for biomedical applications

VR/AR appears to improve the speed of acquisition of surgical skills in training, but more extensive research is needed to confirm these findings.

Next-generation Virtual and Augmented Reality in Surgical Education: A Narrative Review.

Virtual reality technology has the potential to bridge the gap in surgical training during the post-COD educational landscape, offering a safe and realistic learning environment.

The role of virtual reality in the changing landscape of surgical training

Virtual reality and augmented reality have numerous applications in neurosurgery, beyond just planning surgical procedures, including diagnosis, resident training, pain management, and rehabilitation.

Virtual Reality in Neurosurgery: Beyond Neurosurgical Planning

Virtual reality and augmented reality enhance medical education by providing realistic and interactive experiences, particularly in surgical training.

Virtual and Augmented Reality in Medical Education

Augmented and virtual reality technology shows promise in spine surgery training, but higher-quality, multi-center, and long-term studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness.

The development and applications of augmented and virtual reality technology in spine surgery training: A systematic review.

Extended reality technologies can revolutionize surgical training and optimize performance in knee arthroplasty, enhancing preoperative planning and providing intraoperative guidance.

Virtual and augmented reality for surgical training and simulation in knee arthroplasty

Augmented and virtual reality have broad applications in facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, with potential for surgical navigation, distraction analgesia, and immersive training tools.

Augmented and Virtual Reality Applications in Facial Plastic Surgery: A Scoping Review.

Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality technologies show promise in cardiothoracic surgery for preoperative planning, intraoperative guidance, and postoperative management.

Current and Future Applications of Virtual, Augmented, and Mixed Reality in Cardiothoracic Surgery.

AR, MR, and VR head-mounted devices (HMDs) show beneficial effects for medical education, with most studies finding them effective, but only a minority from low- and middle-income countries.

Augmented, Mixed, and Virtual Reality-Based Head-Mounted Devices for Medical Education: Systematic Review

Ophthalmology is well suited for the use of VR/AR technology, but further studies are needed to confirm practical feasibility, efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness, and medical/legal considerations.

Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Ophthalmology: A Contemporary Prospective

AR and VR are promising technologies that will soon become part of standard of care in spine surgery due to their low cost, flexible integration with other technologies, and user-friendly features.

Augmented and virtual reality in spine surgery, current applications and future potentials.

The role of virtual and augmented reality in surgical training and medical education.

These studies suggest that virtual and augmented reality improve surgical training and medical education by enhancing procedural skills, confidence, and knowledge, though more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and impact on patient care.