anaphylactic reaction relating to intraocular cefuroxime

Introduction

Anaphylactic reactions to intraocular cefuroxime, a second-generation cephalosporin, are rare but potentially life-threatening events. These reactions can occur despite the absence of a known allergy to cefuroxime, and they pose significant risks during surgical procedures such as cataract surgery.

Key Insights

Incidence and Risk Factors:
- Anaphylactic reactions to cefuroxime, although rare, can occur even in patients without a known allergy to the drug .
- Patients with a history of penicillin allergy may be at increased risk for anaphylactic reactions to cefuroxime, despite the lack of cross-reactivity in some cases .
Clinical Manifestations:
- Anaphylactic reactions to cefuroxime can present with a range of symptoms including cardiovascular collapse, respiratory distress, skin reactions, and gastrointestinal symptoms .
- Severe cases can lead to anaphylactic shock, requiring immediate medical intervention and resuscitation .
Diagnosis and Cross-Reactivity:
- Diagnosis of cefuroxime-induced anaphylaxis can be confirmed through skin tests and specific IgE testing, although these tests may not always be immediately positive .
- Cross-reactivity between cefuroxime and other cephalosporins, such as cefotaxime, has been documented, indicating the need for careful evaluation of allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics.
Management and Prevention:
- Immediate recognition and treatment of anaphylactic reactions are crucial, with interventions including epinephrine, intravenous fluids, steroids, and vasopressors .
- Preoperative assessment should include a detailed history of drug allergies and previous reactions to antibiotics to mitigate the risk of anaphylaxis .

Conclusion

Anaphylactic reactions to intraocular cefuroxime, though rare, are serious and can occur even in patients without a known allergy to the drug. Patients with a history of penicillin allergy may be at higher risk. These reactions can manifest with severe symptoms requiring immediate medical intervention. Diagnosis can be challenging, and cross-reactivity with other cephalosporins should be considered. Proper preoperative assessment and preparedness are essential to manage and prevent these potentially fatal complications.

Anaphylactic reaction relating to intraocular cefuroxime

Summary

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Anaphylactic reaction following intracameral cefuroxime injection during cataract surgery.

Intracameral cefuroxime injection during cataract surgery can cause life-threatening anaphylactic reactions in patients with known penicillin allergies, highlighting the need for cataract surgeons to be aware of this potential complication.

Boosted IgE response after anaphylaxis reaction to cefuroxime with cross-reactivity with cefotaxime.

Cefuroxime can cause anaphylaxis with boosted IgE response, with cross-reactivity to cefotaxime, highlighting the need for prompt evaluation of patients with allergic reactions to betalactams.

Cefuroxime-induced Anaphylaxis: A Case Report

Cefuroxime administration can cause anaphylactic reactions, even in patients without a history of allergic reactions.

Anaphylactic reaction due to cefuroxime axetil: A rare cause of anaphylaxis.

Anaphylactic reaction to cefuroxime axetil is a rare event, but diagnostic workups are recommended for patients with moderate anaphylactic reactions.

Intraoperative Anaphylactic Shock Following Cefuroxime-Axetil Routine Test Case report and literature review

Intraoperative anaphylactic shock following Cefuroxime-axetil routine test can lead to Kounis syndrome and cardiac arrest, making it a rare but potentially fatal event.

Intraoperative Cefuroxime in Penicillin Allergy During Cataract Surgery

Intraoperative cefuroxime use during cataract surgery is safe, with a low incidence of anaphylactic reactions in patients with self-reported penicillin allergy.

Perianesthetic refractory anaphylactic shock with cefuroxime in a patient with history of penicillin allergy on multiple antihypertensive medications.

Cefuroxime can cause perianesthetic refractory anaphylactic shock in patients with penicillin allergy, but supportive therapy and mechanical ventilation can help recovery.

Anaphylactic Shock Developing in Association with Cefuroxime Axetil Use

Anaphylactic shock can develop after ingestion of a drug containing cefuroxime axetil, a common antibiotic used for upper respiratory tract infections.

Suspected anaphylaxis after intravenous administration of cefuroxime (Zinacef) in two dogs, with descriptions of arterial blood gas abnormalities over time

Intravenous cefuroxime administration in dogs can cause anaphylaxis, with chest compliance and breathing issues, and requires immediate treatment with terbutaline, adrenaline, and dexamethasone.

Anaphylactic shock due to cefuroxime in a patient taking penicillin prophylaxis

Cefuroxime can cause anaphylactic shock in patients with sickle cell disease, despite taking penicillin prophylaxis without problems.

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