Parenting

Introduction

Parenting is a multifaceted and complex process that significantly influences children's social, emotional, and intellectual development. Research on parenting has explored various dimensions, including parenting styles, parent-child relationships, and the impact of parental behavior on child outcomes. This synthesis aims to present key insights from multiple studies on parenting, focusing on differences between maternal and paternal parenting, the effects of parenting styles, and cultural variations in parenting practices.

Key Insights

Gender Differences in Parenting:
- Fathers are more involved with sons and focus on instrumental support, while mothers are more supportive across genders in an affective sense .
- Mothers' harsh parenting affects child emotion regulation more strongly than fathers', whereas fathers' harsh parenting has a stronger effect on child aggression.
Parenting Styles and Child Outcomes:
- Authoritative parenting, characterized by emotional support, high standards, and clear communication, is associated with better emotional adjustment and lower externalizing problems in children and adolescents .
- Harsh and psychological control, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful parenting are linked to higher levels of externalizing problems, with harsh control and psychological control showing the strongest associations.
Cultural Variations in Parenting:
- African American and Latina girls show more respect for parental authority than European American girls, and higher levels of discipline and better communication by mothers are associated with lower conflict across ethnic groups.
- The influence of authoritative parenting varies depending on the social milieu, with different effects observed across ethnic groups.
Parenting Goals and Behavior:
- Women are more likely to focus on relationship-centered goals during disagreements with children, while public situations increase concern for short-term parent-centered goals.
- Parenting goals influence parenting behavior, with parent-centered goals associated with power assertion and child-centered goals with reasoning and cooperative behavior.

Conclusion

Research on parenting highlights significant differences between maternal and paternal roles, the impact of various parenting styles on child outcomes, and cultural variations in parenting practices. Authoritative parenting consistently emerges as beneficial for children's development, while harsh and permissive styles are linked to negative outcomes. Understanding these dynamics can inform better parenting practices and policies to support children's well-being across different cultural contexts.

Summary

Not a yes or no question

Introduction

Key Insights

Conclusion

Sources and full results

Gender Differences in Parent-Child Relations

Differential Parenting Between Mothers and Fathers

Parenting During Toddlerhood

Associations of Parenting Dimensions and Styles With Externalizing Problems of Children and Adolescents: An Updated Meta-Analysis

Harsh parenting in relation to child emotion regulation and aggression.

Parenting Style as Context: An Integrative Model

The roles of respect for parental authority and parenting practices in parent-child conflict among African American, Latino, and European American families.

Parenting styles and conceptions of parental authority during adolescence.

The question of ‘parenting’

Parenting goals as organizers of responses to parent-child disagreement.

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