Web3
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Understanding Web3: Decentralization, Privacy, and Emerging Technologies
Introduction to Web3 and Its Decentralized Nature
Web3, also known as Web 3.0, represents the next phase of the internet, characterized by decentralization and user empowerment. Unlike its predecessors, Web3 leverages distributed ledger technology to enable users to read, write, and own web content and services without revealing their real identities. This shift aims to break the monopoly of internet companies and transform the web from a publishing medium to one of interaction and participation.
Web3 Architecture: deController and FogBC-RAN
deController: A Web3 Native Cyberspace Infrastructure
The deController architecture proposes a dual-layer network structure consisting of underlay and overlay networks to support Web3 services and applications. This design aims to achieve complete decentralization while ensuring compliance with legal frameworks. The architecture also introduces a novel three-tier identity system to enhance security and privacy.
FogBC-RAN: Integrating Blockchain and Fog Computing
Another innovative architecture is the Fog-Assisted Blockchain Radio Access Network (FogBC-RAN), which combines blockchain and fog computing to support Web3. This architecture facilitates stable, trustworthy connections on a global scale and supports new services like holographic communication and digital twins. It also introduces a cross-chain information transfer process based on Polkadot, enabling flexible cross-chain transactions.
Privacy and Security in Web3
Blockchain-Assisted Privacy-Preserving Data Computing
To address privacy concerns, a blockchain-assisted privacy-preserving data computing architecture has been proposed. This architecture uses state channels and computing sandboxes to ensure secure and trustworthy computing. Additionally, a sandbox location obfuscation method based on onion routing technology is employed to protect user privacy.
Decentralized Identities and NFTs
The Web3 metaverse leverages decentralized identities (DID) through mechanisms like profile picture (PFP) NFTs, domain name NFTs, and soulbound tokens (SBTs). These technologies aim to establish unique digital identities and ownership of digital assets, thereby enhancing user privacy and security.
Web3 and the Metaverse
The Role of NFTs and User-Generated Content
In the Web3 metaverse, the ownership of digital assets is recorded using non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This encourages users to create and own unique user-generated content (UGC). Tools like MetaCube, a crypto-based UGC editor, utilize AI to simplify 3D modeling while ensuring the uniqueness of UGC through a specially designed 3D Crypto-dropout method.
Socio-Technical Aspects and Community Dynamics
The Web3 metaverse integrates Web3 technologies with immersive convergence and crowd intelligence communities. This integration supports decentralized education, decentralized science (DeSci), and decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), fostering a more participatory and inclusive digital environment.
Challenges and Future Directions
Governance and Self-Infrastructuring
One of the fundamental challenges of Web3 is how to achieve effective self-infrastructuring. This involves creating participatory digital infrastructures governed by software-encoded rules. The tension between the ideals of decentralization and the practicalities of implementing these ideals in technical and institutional infrastructures remains a significant hurdle.
Expansive vs. Extractive Networks
Web3 development faces a dichotomy between expansive, progressive forms and extractive, profit-driven forms. The hype and investment in extractive forms often overshadow more innovative and community-focused projects, making it difficult for the latter to gain recognition and success.
Conclusion
Web3 represents a revolutionary shift towards a decentralized, user-centric internet. While it offers numerous opportunities for privacy, security, and user empowerment, it also faces significant challenges in governance, infrastructure, and balancing different development models. As research and development continue, the potential of Web3 to transform the digital landscape remains immense.
Sources and full results
Most relevant research papers on this topic
deController: A Web3 Native Cyberspace Infrastructure Perspective
Blockchain-Assisted Privacy-Preserving Data Computing Architecture for Web3
Fog-Assisted Blockchain Radio Access Network for Web3
Exploring Web3 From the View of Blockchain
Web3 Metaverse: State-of-the-Art and Vision
MetaCube: A Crypto-Based Unique User-Generated Content Editor for Web3 Metaverse
Web3: The Next Internet Revolution
Web3-Based Decentralized Autonomous Organizations and Operations: Architectures, Models, and Mechanisms
Web3 as ‘self-infrastructuring’: The challenge is how
Expansive and extractive networks of Web3
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