What is the effect of the tumor treatment field
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The Effect of Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) on Cancer Treatment
Introduction to Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields)
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) are an innovative cancer treatment modality that utilizes low-intensity, intermediate-frequency alternating electric fields to target and disrupt cancer cell mitosis. This non-invasive therapy has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and mesothelioma, and is currently being studied for its efficacy in other cancer types .
Mechanisms of Action
Disruption of Mitosis
TTFields primarily exert their anticancer effects by interfering with cell division. During mitosis, TTFields disrupt the formation of the mitotic spindle and cause dielectrophoretic dislocation of intracellular organelles, leading to cell death . This disruption occurs mainly during metaphase and cytokinesis, effectively halting the proliferation of cancer cells .
DNA Damage and Replication Stress
Recent studies have shown that TTFields also induce DNA damage and replication stress. They increase chromatid aberrations, reduce the capacity for DNA repair, and heighten DNA replication stress, which collectively contribute to cell death . This mechanism is particularly effective when combined with other treatments like radiation and chemotherapy, as it creates a conditionally vulnerable environment for cancer cells.
Clinical Efficacy
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM)
Clinical trials have demonstrated that TTFields significantly improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM when used in combination with standard treatments like temozolomide (TMZ) . Compliance with TTFields therapy is crucial; higher compliance rates correlate with better clinical outcomes, including extended median survival and higher 5-year survival rates.
Other Cancer Types
TTFields have shown promise in treating other solid tumors, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pancreatic cancer, and ovarian cancer. Ongoing clinical trials are exploring the efficacy of TTFields in these and other cancer types . Preliminary results suggest that TTFields can be effectively combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to enhance treatment outcomes .
Side Effects and Safety
The primary side effect of TTFields is skin dermatitis, which occurs due to the use of hydrogel between the scalp and the electrodes. Overall, TTFields are well-tolerated, with minimal systemic toxicity, making them a viable option for long-term cancer management .
Conclusion
Tumor Treating Fields represent a promising fourth modality in cancer treatment, alongside surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. By disrupting mitosis and inducing DNA damage, TTFields effectively inhibit tumor growth and improve survival outcomes in various cancer types. Continued research and clinical trials will further elucidate their full potential and optimize their use in combination therapies.
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