What Is Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)?

This post was written with Consensus AI Academic Search Engine – please read our Disclaimer at the end of this article. Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder that was recently included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5). ARFID is characterized by a persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs, which can lead to significant weight loss, nutritional deficiency, dependence on enteral feeding or oral nutritional supplements, and marked interference with psychosocial functioning1 2 3.

Symptoms and Presentation

Individuals with ARFID may exhibit a variety of symptoms, including a lack of interest in eating or food, avoidance based on the sensory characteristics of food, and concern about aversive consequences of eating, such as choking or vomiting. These symptoms can result in severe nutritional, developmental, and psychosocial impairments1 2 3.

Prevalence and Demographics

ARFID can affect individuals of all ages but is most commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents. The disorder is equally prevalent among males and females, which distinguishes it from other eating disorders that tend to be more common in females1 2.

Impact on Health and Development

The impact of ARFID on health and development can be profound. Children with ARFID may experience stunted growth and developmental delays due to inadequate nutrition. Additionally, the disorder can lead to significant psychosocial issues, including social withdrawal and anxiety related to eating situations1 2 3.

Etiology and Risk Factors

The etiology of ARFID is multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. Sensory sensitivities, a history of gastrointestinal issues, and anxiety disorders are common risk factors. Additionally, traumatic experiences related to eating, such as choking or vomiting, can contribute to the development of ARFID1 2 3.

Conclusion

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is a complex eating disorder that significantly impacts nutritional intake, growth, and psychosocial functioning. Understanding the symptoms, prevalence, and risk factors associated with ARFID is crucial for early identification and intervention. Further research is needed to develop and refine effective treatments for this disorder.

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